What are some legitimate ways to find publicly available contact information associated with a Gmail address and Apple ID? [closed]

I’m curious about how online identity and account connections work.

If someone has a Gmail address that is also used as their Apple ID, are there legitimate ways to discover publicly available contact information associated with it?

For example:

  • Can an Apple Account publicly display an associated phone number?

  • Are there legitimate OSINT tools that identify publicly shared contact details?

  • How can someone verify whether an email address and phone number belong to the same person?

I’m interested in understanding the technology, publicly available information, and privacy limitations. I’m not looking to bypass account security or access anyone’s private information.