Zend certified PHP/Magento developer

ASCII characters aren’t displayed properly on windows

For some time now I have the issue that I can only use ASCII characters 32 – 126. Any other character is not displayed as it should be. Instead either nothing happens or the unicode replacement character appears. Unicode characters however work fine.

I use windows 11 and the error seems to appear in every program that has some kind of text input, as well as windows text inputs themselves (searchbar, etc.).
My system locale is set to english (us). I have also tried changing the system locale to different languages and disable and reenable the unicode UTF-8 setting.

I appreciate any help or ideas on how to fix it.