I have recently encountered an issue where, every time I close and reopen the Chrome browser on my desktop computer, I am prompted with a verification form.

This problem began two days ago and is occurring solely on my desktop, which shares the same static public IP address as several other computers on my network. All of these devices are running the same version of Windows 11 (22631.5909) and Chrome (140.0.7339.128).
In an attempt to resolve the issue, I took the following steps, but the problem persists:
Uninstalled Chrome completely, including the removal of the Google folder from AppData.
Performed a fresh installation of Windows 11 on a new hard drive, with only Chrome installed.
Given that this issue only affects one computer in my network, I want to know why this is happening and would appreciate guidance on how to resolve it permanently, so that I am not prompted for verification each time I want to open Chrome.
FYI, on the same computer that is having this issue, Edge has the same experience. But FireFox works without ever prompting me for human verification.