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Ethernet via USB extension box no longer functioning on laptop running Windows 10

I have an HP ZBook laptop running Windows 10 Education (21H2). To connect it to my home network I use the Ethernet port of an HP USB extension box. This worked fine until recently. Now it seems as if the Ethernet cable is not detected.
Another laptop (with built-in ethernet port) can use the cable, so the cable seems ok.
I tried another extension box, but it has the same problem.
A numeric keypad connected to the extension box works fine.
I found an answer to a similar question suggesting to change the settings of the USB device, so that it can no longer be powered off by Windows. I did that, but that doesn’t solve the problem either.

What can I do to make this ethernet connection functional again?