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External 1440p display connected to Intel HD 620 only has 1680×1050 or Full HD as maximum resolutions

I want to connect an external screen wit 2560×1440 resolution to my ThinkPad with Intel HD 620 Graphics and Windows 10. According to the specifications, 2560×1440 should be easily supported.

The Laptop has HDMI and USB-C outputs.

An HDMI cable leads to the maximum resolution offered as 1920×1080.

Using a dual-link DVI cable with a USB-C adapter at the USB-C output gives a maximum selectable resolution of 1680×1050.

These are both in Windows display settings and also in Intel Graphics Control Center.
The above also holds when I reduce the refresh rate.

Is it possible that the USB-C adapter causes the problem? Are there different USB-C to DVI-D adapters to look out for? After all, the laptop, external screen, and DVI-D cable should support the 1440p-resolution.