How can I troubleshoot DNS caching when a website still shows an old page title after a WordPress update? [migrated]

I updated the page title and meta description of a WordPress website. The changes were saved successfully in the WordPress admin panel.

However, when I open the website from some browsers or devices, the old page information still appears. On another device, the updated page may appear correctly.

I have already tried:

  • Clearing the browser cache

  • Opening the page in Incognito mode

  • Flushing the local DNS cache

  • Checking the page source

  • Testing the URL from another device

I am trying to understand whether this behaviour could be related to local DNS caching, browser caching, or a CDN/server cache.

How can I determine which cache layer is serving the old version of the page? Are there command-line tools such as curl, nslookup, or dig that I can use to identify the source of the cached response?

I would like to troubleshoot the issue before changing the DNS or server configuration.