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How to get my laptop mic to work in linux?

I installed linux mint mate a while ago for a school project and just started actually using it as an alternative to windows. I still dual boot so I have both Windows 10 and Linux Mint on my laptop. My headphone jack broke off one day in my laptop and I was never able to get it out so it’s constantly trying to detect it. On Windows I use a usb adapter so I can use headphones whenever and I switch to my laptop mic when I want to use the mic using an audio manager software to disable the headset microphone and default to my built in mic.

I tried using linux for the first time in a while and I managed to do something similar using sudo alsamixer.
I disabled the audio jack so I can use my laptop speakers, but I can’t get the laptop mic to work. If I try using it, it only plays back the audio output and doesn’t pick up anything.

I know my laptop mic works since it works when I use Windows 10, but for some reason I can’t manage to get it to work on Linux. I’m fairly new to using linux so any help would be appreciated.