Zend certified PHP/Magento developer

Managing computer names physically and indentifying on Active Directory

i was wondering how do the Carrefour/Spinneys/ or any large business organization IT Admin manage the physical PC’s and identify it on the Active Directory server ?

For example a cashier of counter 7 is complaining of printer issues, they are unable to print!.

How do Admin will know the PC location and how do he connect to PC’s (TeamViewer/Logmein/RDP ?) and how is he gonna find out the PC name on the Active Directory server ? because when we install a fresh windows, it will randomly assign a PC name, Example: DESKTOP-DGGE9RG, i believe this will be UNIQUE ID for each desktop or laptop.