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Script fails in WSL/Ubuntu when run via a symbolic link

I have a script that behaves differently when run by name compared to when it is run via a symbolic link. The problem is specific to WSL/Ubuntu. The same script, when used under Linux or Windows/Cygwin, behaves correctly in both cases. I’m trying to make it portable to all three systems.

A simplified demonstration of the problem is described here on Mathematica StackExchange.

Although my encounter with this problem is specific to wolframscript, I suspect it is actually more closely connected to WSL/Ubuntu than to Mathematica, which is why I have cross-posted it here. (That might have been unnecessary had I been able to apply a windows-subsystem-for-linux tag there.)

The use of env in the first line of the batch file,

#!/usr/bin/env wolframscript

is apparently essential for portability but is also hampering my ability to debug what is going wrong.

Is the problem specific to WSL/Ubuntu, my $PATH, my .bashrc file, or something else?

If you can help me understand and fix the problem it would be much appreciated.