Zend certified PHP/Magento developer

Strange error coming up whenever I try to install/run any application that deals with Network in some/other way

As I laid out in the question title, I am getting the below error whenever I attempt to install (or run executable of) any software that deals with Network / Internet(maybe for firing HTTPS connections ?) in some way:
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I tried installing and running Internet Download Manager(IDM) and Anydesk applications from fresh source files, and I know that some while ago these were easily getting installed and executed on-user-demand, but now this error shows up when trying to run Anydesk/IDM, so it’s not related to these softwares but with OS.

I confess that I did try to change permissions and access control of %SystemRoot%Temp folder and then perhaps went too far and ran delete command on it’s files, but I am sure I didn’t deleted unpermitted ones(ones that are in use by process(es)).

Then how could such a weird and unusual error crept in ?? Moreover how do I resolve this in proper way without needing to format-and-reinstall-Win10 ?