Why isn’t mid-2011 iMac booting off a USB flash drive?

I have a mid-2011 iMac A1311 running 10.12 previously. When I boot it, I get the gray folder with flashing question mark icon.

I made a High Sierra USB bootable flash drive, but it won’t boot off it, instead, it gets to the Apple logo, loading bar goes half-way, and then its white screen.

I cannot use Recovery Mode or Internet Recovery because they don’t work

I used a High Sierra VM to make the USB drive, and I don’t have any other Mac device other than an iBook G4 which definitely would not help.

My flash drive appears in the boot selection screen.

Previously, I took the HDD out and put it in a PC and ran a Seatools diagnostic. The HDD was all fine.

Anything I’m missing?