I am having an issue with a 3.5-inch SATA hard drive connected directly using a SATA-to-USB adapter with an external 12V power supply (no enclosure).
Hardware setup
3.5″ SATA hard drive
SATA to USB adapter
External 12V power supply for the drive
USB OTG adapter for Android smartphone
Behavior on other devices
On a computer: the drive works perfectly
On a TV: the drive is detected and fully accessible
On another Android phone: the drive works immediately via OTG with no additional setup
Behavior on my phone
When I connect the drive via OTG:
The phone sometimes shows “USB connected”
The drive may power on and off repeatedly (reconnection loop)
In some cases, the drive stays powered without disconnecting
However, the drive never appears in the file manager
No external storage is shown in the “Files” app
The system detects the USB device but fails to mount the storage
Tests performed
Multiple OTG adapters tested
Drive formatted as exFAT (already tested)
Multiple connection attempts and reboots
Verified working on other devices
