How to adjust the default UI font weight in Windows 11?

I just got a new 140 DPI LCD display, and web pages and PDFs look great. However the font weight for dialogs, many UI elements, Chrome menus, etc. is ridiculous: Characters are one pixel thick! This makes characters appear very faint and even gray (unless I crank up the monitor contrast and sharpness to unreasonable levels). The following did not work for me:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

; fix font weight
; source: https://www.howtogeek.com/716407/how-to-change-the-default-system-font-on-windows-10/

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionFontSubstitutes]
"Segoe UI"="Segoe UI Semibold"
"Segoe UI (TrueType)"="Segoe UI Semibold (TrueType)"

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionFontSubstitutes]
"Segoe UI"="Segoe UI Semibold"
"Segoe UI (TrueType)"="Segoe UI Semibold (TrueType)"

I also tried renaming the TrueType font files directly, but got cannot be deleted because it is a protected system font.

How do I select a more reasonable font or increase the default font weight? Is this even possible? It appears that this question has been asked many times on Microsoft Windows forum and every time Microsoft just closes the question without answering it (positively or negatively). Is Microsoft fiercely opposed to making UI text readable on high DPI displays? They seem to be closing off every avenue I can think of.