Shutdown vs Restart – Detecting a USB device

I was under the impression that in Windows 10 and 11 Restart was a more dramatic refreshing and house-cleaning than Shutdown. Based on these…

https://www.computroon.co.uk/2020/10/16/restart-vs-shutdown-windows-10/

…and…

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/218345/shut-down-and-restart-in-windows-10.html

But this morning my GF was connecting a MIDI keyboard via USB to her Windows 11 Lenovo Thinkpad laptop and despite repeated Restarts, her program, Piano 10, couldn’t see the MIDI keyboard. But after doing a Shutdown the MIDI device was detectable and worked fine. Do Shutdown and Restart have different effects regarding external hardware devices?