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Stuck in GRUB command line, even after grub updates

I am dual booting PopOS and Windows 11 on my Dell Laptop.

Today I was doing some updates to nvidia drivers (probably unrelated) and after a reboot I was stuck inside the GRUB shell (not the rescue shell). This happens after every reboot.

I am able to boot to Pop OS after executing:

set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub
set root=(hd0,1)
insmod linux
insmod normal
normal

I have multiple partitions, one for Windows, one for Linux and an EFI partition.
The boot order is to first boot a grub.efi file, but when I try to boot into Pop OS I get a kernel Error (Unable to mount root fs) like here

I ran the Boot Repair tool, but it stopped at purging GRUB, I couldn’t get all off my system. This is the BootInfo summary: http://sprunge.us/K6bXA2

I obviously tried sudo update-grub and grub-install countless times with all imaginable partitions.

Maybe the problem is, that I have two EFI partitions (no idea how that happened), but there is only one GRUB, so I can’t imagine what is wrong.

It would also be great, if somebody knows of any logs I can inspect. Kernel logs are sadly not helpful.

Any help is greatly appreciated!