Why is TLS handshake failing with some sites, but not with Google.com?

I recently renumbered a LAN to use public IPV4 addresses rather than private 10.0.0.0/8 addresses. In the process, I had to modify the Teltonika router to allow traffic through.

Since this change, the hosts on the LAN are having trouble accessing secure websites – but not all sites. As an example, if I run:

# curl -v https://google.com
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: google.com
> User-Agent: curl/8.12.1
> Accept: */*
> 
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Location: https://www.google.com/
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
< Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only: object-src 'none';base-uri 'self';script-src 'nonce-Z6nJ4rIV2CdfkQoL-Do0Dg' 'strict-dynamic' 'report-sample' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline' https: http:;report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/gws/other-hp
< Date: Thu, 02 Apr 2026 13:41:34 GMT
< Expires: Sat, 02 May 2026 13:41:34 GMT
< Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000
< Server: gws
< Content-Length: 220
< X-XSS-Protection: 0
< X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
< Alt-Svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
< 
<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>301 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
<H1>301 Moved</H1>
The document has moved
<A HREF="https://www.google.com/">here</A>.
</BODY></HTML>

It all works fine! However if I run:

# curl -v https://github.com
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):

It gets no further. The same applies to bbc.co.uk. I can ping it okay.

I’m scratching my head to understand why this is happening. Any ideas?